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USDA estimates and forecasts for cotton supply and demand are on an August-July marketing year (MY) for all countries, while estimates published by many governmental or private groups in other countries are based on local MYs. The local MY for India is October-September.

The Philippines is the ninth largest market for U.S. agricultural exports and the largest destination for U.S. consumer-oriented products in Southeast Asia. The United States is the largest single-country supplier of agricultural products, although ASEAN countries benefit from lower tariffs and have more market share as a group.

Hong Kong is the ninth largest importer of baked goods in the world, with imports valued at $870 million. Major import categories included pastries, bread, and cakes. For the first ten months of 2021, Hong Kong imports of baked goods were $721 million, a modest increase of 1.61 percent over the same period in 2020.

This year's report does not contain significant changes from last year's report. Chile continues allowing the reproduction of seeds under strict control of the Agricultural and Livestock Service of the Ministry of Agriculture.

The Government of Indonesia approved regulations for genetically engineered (GE) products, which allows for commercial GE crop cultivation. In July 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture issued a decree approving the release of a GE potato.

In the past year, there have been no major changes in Kazakhstan’s biotechnology policy. Kazakhstan continues to rely on Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) regulations for guidance on biotechnology issues.

Singapore does not have any domestic commercial production of plant biotechnology. The Singapore Food Agency provides a link in its website that lists a total of 57 genetically engineered (GE) crops that have been approved for use as food for direct consumption, ingredients, and further processing into ingredients for other food in the country.

This report is an update of GAIN report SP2020-0045. It outlines the legislation applicable to the export of U.S. food products to Spain, particularly focusing on those rules that differ from EU legislation.

On November 30, FAS China downloaded a list of Harmonized System (HS) codes from the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (GACC) Single Window website that reportedly represent the scope of commodities covered by Decree 248.

This report contains updated information as of November 19, 2021 on the implementation of overseas facility registration requirements following recent conversations on Decree 248 with authorities of the Import/Export Food Safety Bureau of the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (GACC).

On November 15, 2021, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare/Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) issued draft regulations for Genetically Modified Organisms or Genetically Engineered Organisms, or Living Modified Organisms intended for direct use as food or for processing.

Worldwide agricultural inputs prices have risen steeply the past year. South Africa is at the start of the 2021/22 summer production season and farmers are confronting these increased inputs prices that will squeeze profit margins.