Browse Data and Analysis

Monthly report on crop acreage, yield and production in major countries worldwide. Sources include reporting from FAS’s worldwide offices, official statistics of foreign governments....

This monthly report includes data on U.S. and global trade, production, consumption and stocks, as well as analysis of developments affecting world trade in cotton.

In 2024, Indonesia was the 11th-largest market for U.S. agricultural exports, valued at $2.9 billion. In July 2025, President Donald J. Trump announced a landmark trade deal with Indonesia that would expand U.S. businesses’ access to markets in Indonesia and has the potential to facilitate substantial expansion for U.S. agricultural exports. The United States was the fourth-largest supplier of agricultural products to Indonesia in 2024, accounting for 10 percent of Indonesia’s import market, following Brazil, China, and Australia.

Turkish cotton production in Marketing Year (MY) 2025/26 is projected to decrease to 700,000 metric tons (MT) due to smaller planting area and drought conditions in some regions; the planting area is forecast at 395,000 hectares (ha).

The forecast for MY 2025/26 cotton area harvested in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Senegal combined is increased six percent to 1.04 million HA, with production in the region also increased six percent to 1.97 million bales.

Post forecasts MY 2025/26 cotton production at 6.91 MMT, an increase of 8 percent from the previous report and marginally higher than the official USDA estimate. Post lowers its MY 2024/25 cotton import estimate to 1.1 MMT, down 66 percent from MY 2023/24.

Brazil’s cotton harvest, despite delays in some regions, is advancing successfully. Favorable weather during the final stages and enhanced cultivation practices contributed to robust production levels and exceptional fiber quality.

Cotton production in Mexico is projected to decline in marketing year 2025/26 as farmers reduce planted area amid low international prices, higher input costs, and limited access to improved seed varieties.

On August 19, India temporarily removed the 11 percent import duty on cotton until September 30, 2025.

The 2025/26 cotton area estimate is lowered to 1.85 million hectares primarily due to a decline in area in Sindh province. As a result of this decline, the production forecast is lowered to 4.8 million (480 lbs.) bales.

FAS Mumbai estimates MY 2025/26 India cotton production at 24.5 million 480-lb bales from 11.2 million hectares, down two percent from the previous estimate as farmers shift to higher-return crops like paddy, pulses, and cereals; kharif sowing decreased 2.4 percent from last year (as of August 1).

Monthly report on crop acreage, yield and production in major countries worldwide. Sources include reporting from FAS’s worldwide offices, official statistics of foreign governments....