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In January 2017, hemp cultivation became legal pursuant to Italian law No. 242/2016 promoting hemp cultivation and its industrial uses, leading to a sector revival, with more than 800 farms cultivating 4,000 hectares (ha).

In 2016, the Colombian government permitted production and distribution of hemp for medical and scientific purposes. Despite optimal growing conditions and considerable foreign investment, Colombia’s hemp industry still struggles to compete globally due to market oversaturation, overregulation, and climate challenges.