Browse Data and Analysis

The global cotton industry is still readjusting to lower post-pandemic demand, and Uzbekistan wasn’t spared the effects of the market overhang. Uzbekistan's strong vertical integration and government support for the industry have helped drive both its resiliency and recovery.

Spain is one of the world’s largest markets for fish and seafood. In 2023, Spain was the fourth largest importer of fish and seafood in the world after the United States, China, and Japan.

In 2023, Spain imported $2.2 billion worth of agricultural, seafood and forest products from the United States, up 3 percent compared to the previous year. Even though inflation rates declined in 2023 as compared to the record highs registered in 2022, they remained higher compared to pre-pandemic levels.

This report focuses on specific Spanish certification requirements that differ from or are in addition to EU-harmonized certification.

This report is an update of GAIN report SP2022-0028. It outlines the legislation applicable to the export of U.S. food products to Spain, particularly focusing on those rules that differ from EU legislation.

In 2022, Spain imported $2.2 billion of agricultural and related products from the United States. Outside the European Union Member States, the United States was the fifth largest origin of agricultural and related imports.

Uzbekistan’s cotton production in marketing year (MY) 2023/24 is estimated at 621,000 metric tons (MT) (2.85 million bales). Cotton consumption in MY 2023/24 is forecast lower year-to-year at 599,000 MT (2.75 million bales) due to lower demand from importer countries like Turkiye and Russia for cotton yarn and fabric.

This report describes the agricultural biotechnology sector in Spain, covering production and trade, policy, and marketing aspects.

Irrigation water limitations in the Guadalquivir basin have nearly halved cotton production in Andalusia, Spain’s main producing region.

Spanish tourism is rapidly recovering from the effects of the pandemic and reaching pre-pandemic levels. Demonstrating a definitive return to pre-pandemic normality, 2023 has seen stabilization in the growth of the Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional (HRI) sector.

Spain’s swine sector expects a continued downward trend in swine and pork production in 2023 and 2024 to slightly less than 5 million tons of pork and below 55 million heads slaughtered.

For MY 2023/24, lower area and poor yields are expected to push production levels well below the previous year’s levels.